Medical Research

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic of Medical Research discussed during my time in Medical School:

1st semester:

- Introduction to medical research: Knowledge and research, introduction to Medical Research, types of research

2nd semester:

- Type of medical research: Cross sectional study, case control study, cohort study

3rd semester:

- Type of clinical research: Types of experiment, diagnostic test

4th semester:

- Evidence-based medicine (EBM): Introduction to EBM, asking answerable clinical question, searching literature, EBM in diagnosis

- Critical appraisal of medical journal

5th semester:

- Evidence based medicine in therapy decision: Introduction, worksheet of therapy and critical appraisal of medical journal related to therapy

- Evidence based medicine in prognosis decision: Introduction, worksheet of therapy and critical appraisal of medical journal related to prognosis

- Evidence based medicine in harm decision: Introduction, worksheet of harm and critical appraisal of medical journal related to harm

- Metaanalysis: Systemic review, metaanalysis in evident-based medicine

6th semester:

- Concept in creating medical research proposal

- Concept of introduction in medical research: Aim of research, hypothesis and research benefits

- Literature review and conceptual framework of medical research

- Method of medical research: Selection of medical research design, measurement in medical research

- Instrument in medical research: Questionnaire planning (principle, element, validity and reliability of questionnaire, questionnaire test application

- Etiquette and inform consent in medical research: Definition of medical research etiquette, research etiquette in clinical research-epidemiological research-animal experiment, inform consent and importance of ethical clearance

- Drafting medical research proposal

- Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS): Introduction to SPSS and its usage in descriptive data analysis, validity and reliability test

7th semester:

- Data processing and analyzing: Application of data principle, statistic in descriptive statistic and analytic statistic study

- Behavioral data processing and analyzing: Application of analysis principle, behavioral data, scale of attitude, analyzing of behavioral data

- Writing research report: Application of general form of scientific report, application in principle of abstract in scientific report, application in principle of research result (narration-text, tables, graphic, content table), application in principle of discussion and conclusion-suggestion, application in systematic writing of scientific report's result



*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 3 manual books for 1st semester medical student, 3 manual books for 2nd semester medical student, 2 manual books for 3rd semester medical student, 3 manual books for 4th semester medical student, 3 manual books for 5th semester medical student, 2 manual books for 6th semester medical student and 3 manual books for 7th semester medical student from my university during my era. 
**The topic currently discussed in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.

Basic Subjects For A Medical Student (Part 7b/7)

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic discussed during my 7th Semester in Medical School:

B. SUPPLEMENTAL SUBJECTS:
1. Medical Etiquette:
a. Tropical Medicine:
- Ethical aspect in HIV and AIDS

2. Public Health:
a. Tropical Medicine:
- Non-infectious risk of travel: General health recommendation pre-travelling and during travelling (WHO international health regulations, general recommendations for vaccination and Immunoprophylaxis, geographical distribution of health potential risk for traveler, health information for traveler to Indonesia, motion sickness, sunburn, scuba diving hazards and animal-associated hazard)
- Infectious risk of travel: Prevention of specific infectious disease (prevention of malaria, rabies filariasis, hemophilus influenza type B -HiB, meningitis, amoebiasis, cholera, hepatitis, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles - rubeola, mumps, varicella - chicken pox, rubella)
b. Family Medicine:
- Principle of Family Medicine: Continuity of care, comprehensiveness, coordination of care, community, family
- Family as a unit of care: Family structure, family functions, family as the social context of health care
- Family life cycle and its implications of health care: Human life cycle, stages of family life cycle, emotional process in transition of stages, first order changes, second order changes, problems encountered at each stage of the cycle, life stages and the impact of chonic illness, oppurtunity in each patient encounter
- Working with families: Biopsychosocial model, how family work - family system theory, interdependence, boundries, triangulation, family physician involvement with the family
- Tool for family assessment: Family dynamic, impact of illness on the family, tools for family assessment, family genogram, family circle, family APGAR
- Home care and palliative care: Who can benefit from a physician home visit, skills needed for home care (overcoming the fear of making home visit, initiating home visit, specific home visit skills, caring for the caregiver
- Health economics: Economic environment (Indonesian government program of "Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional", commercial insurance companies, manage care plans), billing system in family medicine practice (capitation system, utilization review, risk profit sharing, premi calculation)
- Special considerations in examining small children: Relieving anxiety, tailoring your examination to the age of the child, history and initial obsrevation, order of the examination, concluding the examinations
- Special considerations in caring for the adolescent patient: Adolescent - an underserved population, family physicians as providers of adolescent health care, common health problems of adolescent, problems with major psychosocial components, approach to adolescent patient, innovations in the delivery of services to adolescents (adolescent health care clinics, school-based clinics)
- Special consideration in caring the geriatric patient: Initial encounter, assessing the geriatric patient, addressing the problems of the geriatric patient, home visit, health maintenance, longterm care placement
- Primary care of the athlete: Preparticipation sports examinations, identifying the causes of athletic injuries (predicposing factors, determining the mechanism of injury, assessing the patient with recurrent injury, evaluating acute injuries, preventive measures)
- Preventive care: Scope of prevention in family practice, implementing prevention, education and counselling, prevention-oriented office system, community advocacy for health, wellness program in family practice
- Prenatal care: Perspective in prenatal care, prenatal care in the office (preconception planning, diagnosing pregnancy, first trimester prenatal care), history and risk assessment, second trimester prenatal care, third trimester prenatal care, family physicians and obstetric consultants
- Healthy child care and healthy adult care: Risk factor identification, immunization, diagnostic screening (growth and development, cardiovascular screening, musculoskeletal screening, scoliosis, hearing screening, vision screening, caries prevention, laboratory screening, education during healthy child visits), injury and accident prevention, immunizations for overseas traveler (recommendations for immunizations), screening for asymptomatic disease, patient education, implementing preventive care, challenges in preventive care
- Patient education and Health promotion: Improving patient compliance, a systemic approach to educate patients (establish rapport, identify needs, assess potential barrier to compliance, negotiate a plan, instruct the patient in the plan, evaluate the understanding, monitor the patient, putting it all together), assessment for health promotion, health promotion counselling, barriers of successful health promotion, community health promotion, specific health promotion strategies
- Medical record in family practice: Record form (Family folder, family health book), type (manual medical record, electronic medical record), problem oriented medical record (data base - information, problem list, plans - interventions, progress note), international classification of primary care
- Complimentary and alternative medicine: Scope and definition, variety of modalities (traditional herbs, herbal therapy, homeopathy, Ayurveda, Yoga, angel healing, etc.), integrative medicine
- Managing a medical practice: Clinic setup, recruiting and assigning job, improving ability and progress of staff, medical and non medical equipment, management-efficiency-intervention, maintenance-storage-security-inventorization of asset)
- Consultation and referral in Family Doctor practice: Medical referral, health referral, characteristic of consultation and referral, problem in consultation and referral, methods of consultation and referral, authority division and responsibility)

3. Medical Research:
- Data processing and analyzing: Application of data principle, statistic in descriptive statistic and analytic statistic study
- Behavioral data processing and analyzing: Application of analysis principle, behavioral data, scale of attitude, analyzing of behavioral data
- Writing research report: Application of general form of scientific report, application in principle of abstract in scientific report, application in principle of research result (narration-text, tables, graphic, content table), application in principle of discussion and conclusion-suggestion, application in systematic writing of scientific report's result

4. Culture:
- Social-cultural and health
- Health care system and social-cultural adaptation strategy
- Social-cultural and health care: Primary health care, cultural variation in healthy and ill condition
- Social-culture pattern in community: obstacle and stimulant in health management: social-cultural- psychological factor that inhibit and stimulating health innovation
- Positive and negative consequence in context of social-culture and environment change
- Cross cultural psychiatry
- Social-cultural factor in problem management of degenerative-cardiovascular disease
- Social-cultural aspect in sexuality problem
- Social-cultural aspect in decision of health care (birth, old age, death, patient with terminal disease)

5. Medical Statistic:
- Data entry with SPSS (laboratory topic)
- Descriptive statistic analysis with SPSS (laboratory topic)
- Analyzing with chi square by using SPSS (laboratory topic)
- Independent T test analysis with SPSS (laboratory topic)
- Dependent T test analysis with SPSS (laboratory topic)
- Anova analysis with SPSS (laboratory topic)

6. Behavioral Science:
- Introduction of Behavioral Science: Definition of behavior, specific characteristic of behavior, general characteristic of behavior, behavioral form, behavior based on Skiner theory
- Behavioral domain: Definition of behavioral domain, definition of knowledge, stages of knowledge, definition of attitude, stages of attitude, definition of action, stages of action
- Behavioral determinant: Definition of behavioral determinant, behavioral determinant based on Lawrence Green, WHO, Snehandu B Kar theories
- Behavioral changes: Behavioral changes (stimulus organism response) theory, functional theory, form of behavioral changes, behavioral changes strategy, behavior adoption process, model in reduction of fear, Rogers' theory of adoption innovation, power struggle theory, Green's model of behavioral changes, Rosenstock's model of believe
- Illness behavior: Health behavior, concept of healthy and illness, community perception of healthy and illness, perception and behavior of illness, causes in behavior and reaction of illness, illness behavior analysis, cultural effect in illness behavior, theory of decision maker, role of illness behavior
- Medication complianceness behavior: Compliance-adherence-concordance, affecting factor in complianceness of medication, strategy in increasing of complianceness
- Health care usage model: community action when getting sick, health care usage theory, decision making model, affecting factor in health care usage, health believe model


*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 4 manual books for 7th semester medical student from my university during my era. 
**The topic currently discussed for 7th semester medical student in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.

Basic Subjects For A Medical Student (Part 6b/7)

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic discussed during my 6th Semester in Medical School:

B. SUPPLEMENTAL SUBJECTS:

1. Medical Research:

- Concept in creating medical research proposal

- Concept of introduction in medical research: Aim of research, hypothesis and research benefits

- Literature review and conceptual framework of medical research

- Method of medical research: Selection of medical research design, measurement in medical research

- Instrument in medical research: Questionnaire planning (principle, element, validity and reliability of questionnaire, questionnaire test application

- Etiquette and inform consent in medical research: Definition of medical research etiquette, research etiquette in clinical research-epidemiological research-animal experiment, inform consent and importance of ethical clearance

- Drafting medical research proposal

- Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS): Introduction to SPSS and its usage in descriptive data analysis, validity and reliability test

2. Public Health:

- Company hygiene and occupational health

- Occupational disease: definition-types-diagnosis of occupational diseases, lungs-skin-eye-stress-musculoskeletal occupational diseases

- Prevention of occupational disease: Personal protection equipment (PPE)

- Occupational accident and its prevention

- Industrial toxicology

- Physical factor in workplace

- Ergonomy and physiology of work

- Occupational nutrition

- Industrial psychology: Motivation and satisfaction

- Management of occupational safety and health 

3. Indonesian Language:

- New spelling system

- Effective sentences

- Variety of expository form

- Variety of argumentative form

- Variety of persuasive form

- Variety of descriptive form

- Variety of narration form

- System in scientific fiction 

4. English Language:

- Introduction to writing

- Writing an outline

- Practice writing an outline

- Writing a summary from reading

- Writing an outline for a presentation

- Doing a presentation based on an outline

- Writing paragraph in chronological order

- Writing paragraph in descriptive form

- Writing paragraph in argumentative form

- Writing paragraph in persuasive form

- Writing paragraph in expository form

- General review

- Writing an abstract

- Writing an essay of three or five paragraph

- Doing a presentation based on a longer outline

5. Medical law: 

- Management of emergency cases: Records and legal considerations

*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 2 manual books for 6th semester medical student from my university during my era. 

**The topic currently discussed for 6th semester medical student in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.

Basic Subjects For A Medical Student (Part 5b/7)

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic discussed during my 5th Semester in Medical School:

B. SUPPLEMENTAL SUBJECTS:

1. Public Health:

- Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infection (STI): Epidemiology, education, counselling, managing patient's sexual partner, management of STI in health care center

- Global strategy for the prevention of Hepatitis B: Epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, geographical distribution

- Hepatitis B immunization strategies: Routine infant vaccination, prevention of perinatal Hepatitis B virus transmission, catch-up vaccination of older persons, management guideline of information for health workers and parents

- Hepatitis B vaccine: Vaccine (monitoring vaccine coverage), advocacy and communication (assessing Hepatitis B disease burden and the impact of Hepatitis B immunization)

- Blindness in Indonesia: Preventive ophthalmology of eye infection, amblyopia, radiation injury, glaucoma, drug-related visual loss, xeropthalmia, metabolic and genetic related eye disorder

2. Medical Research:

- Evidence based medicine in therapy decision: Introduction, worksheet of therapy and critical appraisal of medical journal related to therapy

- Evidence based medicine in prognosis decision: Introduction, worksheet of therapy and critical appraisal of medical journal related to prognosis

- Evidence based medicine in harm decision: Introduction, worksheet of harm and critical appraisal of medical journal related to harm

- Metaanalysis: Systemic review, metaanalysis in evident-based medicine

3. Religion (Christian - Protestant):

- Abortion cases in Protestant: Human as a creation of god, life and death in Bible, abortion in Christianity etiquette

- Reproduction and gender in Christianity: Human as a social creation, sexuality differences, sex and order to reproduce (to have child), gender problems and gender equality in Bible

- Unnatural pregnancy in Christianity: Marriage as a unity of life and child as god's blessing, parents responsibility in formation of family, Christianity etiquette in test-tube baby, insemination, ovum donation and surrogate mother

- Contraception in Christianity: Concept of sex as physical expression of love, basic concept of family planning in Bible, theological etiquette of contraception pill, intrauterine device (IUD), implant, condom. spermicide, diaphragm, sterilization, and calendar system

- Death and dying in Christianity: Terminology of "death" in Protestant, types of death and basic characteristic of human being, temporary life in sheol, second-time arrival of Jesus and awaken of human being

- Euthanasia: Definition of euthanasia, problem of euthanasia in medical and Christianity ettiquette, role of church in euthanasia problems

- Organ transplantation: Transplantation technology and it's problem, basic practice in order to get organ for transplantation, etiquette decision of human organ transplantation in Protestant aspect

- Development of child's behavior and personality: Effect of religion to child's behavior and personality development, child and development as an ethical creature, child and changing of behavior-personality

- Ethical code of Indonesian doctor, oath, medical problems and violation of law: Ethical code of Indonesian doctor and oath in Protestant aspect, main norm in Christianity etiquette, conscience role as source of norm, modern world-medical problems and violation of law, malpractice cases

- Community rights for health care

- Service to patient in general and service to terminal-ill patient in Christianity aspect

- Service to depressive patient, disable patient, suicidal patient in Protestant aspect

- Communication with patient

4. Religion (Buddhism):

- Medical bioethiquette in Buddhism perspective

- History of medicine and medical concept in Buddhism

- Medical service to patient in Buddha Dharma perspective

- Genetic in Buddha Dharma perspective

- Abortion cases in Buddha Dharma's opinion

- Unnatural pregnancy in Buddhism: Acceptable and non-acceptable unnatural pregnancy method by Buddha Dharma

- Contraception in Buddhism: Acceptable and non-acceptable contraception method by Buddha Dharma, opinion of Buddha Dharma related to family planning program.

- Death and dying in Buddhism: Terminology of "death" in Buddha Dharma's perspective, types of death in Buddha Dharma, mental preparedness to face death, care of dying patient, things need to be prepared by dead patient's family

- Euthanasia: Law of Karma in Buddhism, euthanasia in Buddhism aspect

- Drug abuse and overdosing of drugs in Buddha Darma's perspective

- Mental disorder, psychotherapy and neuroscience in Buddha Darma's perspective

- Sexual deviation, AIDS and sexually transmitted infection in Buddha Darma's perspective

5. Religion (Hinduism):

- Doctor's oat and analyzing etiquette code in Hinduism

- Physical health concept in Hinduism

- Spiritual health concept in Hinduism

- Sexuality concept in Hinduism: Definition of Wiwaha (marriage), prohibition for husband and wife in certain type of sexual activity, prohibition of premarital sex

- AIDS concept in Hinduism

- Contraception methods in Hinduism

- Nias (mestruation bleed) and cuntaka (puerperal bleed) concept in Hinduism

- Abortion law in Hiduism

- Concept of children's growth and development in Hinduism

- Euthanasia concept in Hinduism

- Ayur Weda (health treatment) in Hinduism 

*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 3 manual books for 5th semester medical student from my university during my era. 

**The topic currently discussed for 5th semester medical student in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.

Basic Subjects For A Medical Student (Part 4b/7)

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic discussed during my 4th Semester in Medical School:

B. SUPPLEMENTAL SUBJECTS:

1. Medical Research:

- Evidence-based medicine (EBM): Introduction to EBM, asking answerable clinical question, searching literature, EBM in diagnosis

- Critical appraisal of medical journal

2. Public Health:

- Leprosy management program and prevention of other skin diseases

- Geriatric health care

- Health management system in geriatric health care 

- Health management of geriatric diseases and its prevention

- Management of tuberculosis control

- Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

3. Medical Etiquette:

- Pharmaco-etiquette

- Etiquette aspect in research

- Etiquette aspect in doctor-patient communication

- Etiquette aspect in operation

- Etiquette aspect in taking medical decision

- Doctor (medical) report

4. Medical Law:

- Informed consent

- Medical record

- Constitutional aspect in specific medical condition: Operation, euthanasia, HIV, in-vitro fertilization (IVF), organ transplantation, face off, cloning, etc.

- Medical negligence and malpractice

- Hospital and hospital's staff by law

- Implementation of medical practice law

- Aspect of law in occupational health

- Indonesian law system

*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 3 manual books for 4th semester medical student from my university during my era. 

**The topic currently discussed for 4th semester medical student in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.

Basic Subjects For A Medical Student (Part 3b/7)

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic discussed during my 3rd Semester in Medical School:

B. SUPPLEMENTAL SUBJECTS:

1. Medical Statistic:

- Analytic statistic: Hypothesis test with T test, correlation and regression, anova, non parametric statistic analytic

2. Epidemiology:

- Clinical epidemiology: Introduction to clinical epidemiology and abnormality in clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, frequency, risk, prognosis, clinical decision making 

3. Medical research:

- Type of clinical research: Types of experiment, diagnostic test

4. Public Health:

- Reproductive health

- Perinatal care

- Teenage reproductive health

- Referral system during attending complication in delivery

- Function of sexologist in reproductive health

- Implementation of social obstetric and gynaecology in reproductive health care: Family planning

- Management in health care center for mother and children

- Maternal and Child health clinic: Program for pregnancy and delivery and children health

- Child nutrition: Determination of healthy menu for children, community nutritional status evaluation

- Working physiology and ergonomy

- Nutrition for worker

- Industrial psychology

5. Philosophy:

- Philosophy of knowledge

6. Medical Etiquette:

- Etiquette aspect in health care: Etiquette aspect in doctor-patient relationship, etiquette aspect in doctor-social community relationship, etiquette aspect in doctor-colleague relationship, etiquette aspect in health care provider, etiquette aspect in taking primary medical decision, etiquette aspect in e-Health relation, etiquette aspect in specific case (organ transplantation, euthanasia, HIV/ AIDS)

7. Medical Law:

- Medical malpractice and constitutional (law) system in Indonesia for medical malpractice management

8. Culture:

- Health care system and social-culture adaptation strategy: cultural variation in health and ill state

- Social-culture pattern in community: obstacle and stimulant in health management: social-cultural- psychological factor that inhibit and stimulating health innovation

- Social-culture approach in healthcare and mother-child clinic development

- Positive and negative consequence in context of social-culture and environment change

- Social-culture aspect to sexuality problem and reproductive health

- Social-culture factor in management of nutritional problem

- Social-culture factor in management of degenerative or cardiovascular disease

- Cross cultural psychiatry

- Social-culture aspect in determination of health care over birth, old age, death, and terminal-ill disease patient

*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 2 manual books for 3rd semester medical student from my university during my era. 

**The topic currently discussed for 3rd semester medical student in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.