Physiology

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic of Physiology discussed during my time in Medical School:

A. LECTURE:

1. 1st semester:

a. Basic Science in Medicine (General Knowledge):

- Organisation of cell: Potential membrane

- Communication of cell: Types of communication of cell

2. 2nd semester:

a. Control System:

- Regulation of body system: Nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, reproductive system, integumentary system, immune system, muscular and skeletal system

- Physiology of central nervous system: Neuronal physiology, organization of the nervous system, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, basal nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus

- Physiology of peripheral nervous system: Receptor physiology, autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system

- Physiology of endocrine system:  Introduction (definition, classification, mechanism of action, control of secretion, mechanism of activation), general function of endocrine system (function of hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries)

b. Metabolism System:

- Basic of Metabolism: Function and phases of metabolism

- Controlling hormones in metabolism and food intake: Hormones in regulation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism (epinephrine hormone, cortisol hormone, hypothalamus hormone, pituitary hormones, norepinephrine hormone, growth hormone, testosterone hormone) 

- Body temperature regulation

- Body temperature measurement

c. Hematological and Immunological System:

- Element of blood: Function of blood elements (function of erythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte)

- Haemostasis: Physiology of haemostasis

3. 3rd semester:

a. Reproductive System:

- Function and action mechanism of female reproductive hormones: Hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, testosteron

- Function and action mechanism of male reproductive hormones

- Normal pregnancy: Physiology during pregnancy, blood pressure during pregnancy and mother's adaptation during pregnancy

b. Growth and Development:

- Children growth and development: Effect of changing environment from intrauterine to extrauterine over multiple system inside children's body 

- Factor that affecting growth and development of children: Endocrine physiology during period of growth and developmental in children

4. 4th semester:

a. Dermatomusculoskeletal System:

- Function and characteristic of muscle: Function of muscle, muscle contraction, regulation of muscle contraction

- Somatic sensation: Mechanism of somatic sensation, mechanism of pain

b. Cardiovascular System:

- Haemodynamic law

- Function of cardiovascular system

- Function of heart

- Function of blood vessel

- Homeostasis mechanism

- Systemic and pulmonary circulation

- Characteristic and working mechanism of cardiac muscle

- Pumping mechanism of heart

- Regulation mechanism of heart's work

- Physiology of vasomotor 

- Heart regulation and circulation during physical work

- Electrocardiograph (ECG): Intrinsic conducting system

- Pathophysiology of cardiovascular system: Heart conduction disorder, heart valve disorder, Congenital heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, cardiogenic shock

c. Respiratory System:

- Physiology in respiration: Function of respiratory system, mechanism of respiration, important pressure in ventilation, respiratory muscle activity, airflow, gas exchange and transportation of gas, regulation of respiration, regulation of respiration during exercise

5. 5th semester:

a. Genitourinary System:

- Body fluid balancing: Component of body fluid, compartment of body fluid, electrolytes, osmosis

- Homeostasis: Water balancing and osmolarity of extracellular fluid, fluid imbalance disorder, sodium electrolyte imbalance, potassium electrolyte imbalance, calcium electrolyte imbalance, pH of body fluid, regulation of hydrogen ion

- Selective excretion of kidney

- Hormones produced from kidney

- Filtration process and glomerular fitration rate (GFR)

- Creatinine clearance, effective renal plasma flow (eRPF), retinol binding protein  (RBP) 

- Mechanism of diuresis and its management

- Nephron's function and urine production process

- Micturition reflex 

- Electrolytes imbalance: Hypernatremia and hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, other type of electrolytes imbalance 

b. Gastrointestinal System:

- Function of digestive tract: General function of digestive tract, digestion process inside oral cavity, mastication and swallowing process, function of stomach, function of small intestine and digestive tract accessory organ, absorption and excretion in digestive tract and large intestine

c. Special Senses System:

- Basic function of sighting, tear and eye fluid, iris, cornea and lens, retina

- Track of sight, sighting of color, eyeball movement

- Function of outer-middle-inner ear

- Wave sound

- Hearing mechanism

- Pathophysiology of deafness

- Ear as a body coordination and balancing system

- Structure and function of tasting organ

- Mechanism of taste sensation 

- Structure and function of smelling organ

- Mechanism of smell sensation

- Relationship of smell sensation and appetite

6. 6th semester:

a. Brain and Mind System:

- Basic physiology of Electroencephalogram  (EEG)

- Process of consciousness: Reticular formation function in process of consciousness

- Brain chemistry

- Physiology of emotion and limbic system

- Physiology of motivated behavior

- Intellectual function of central nervous system: Learning process, language and memory

b. Emergency Medicine:

- Airway problems due to environment factor: Hyperbaric pressure, Hypobaric pressure, High altitude problem, effect of increased partial pressure gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide), acute mountain sickness, acclimatization process and its benefit, nitrogen narcosis in diving, decompression disorder and its prevention, acute oxygen intoxication in diving, acute of carbon dioxide intoxication in diving, benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

- Local tissue cord injury: Body temperature regulation mechanism, body response in hot environment, body adaptation in hot environment, body response in cold environment, body adaptation in cold environment, type of local tissue cold injury (frosnip, frosbite, nonfreezing injury), management of frosbite and nonfreezing cold injuries, local wound care of frostbite

- Survival without supportive equipment in mountain area, sea, and desert 

7. 7th semester:

a. Family Medicine:

- Sport Medicine: Physical performance based on physical tests (Physical fitness, physical fitness test, cardiopulmonary function test during exercise, maximal aerobic power test, sub maximal test), evaluation of physical tests (VO2 max, anaerobic power, muscular strength)

- Sport Medicine: Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic power, physical performance, physical activity for health and fitness

b. Basic Biomedical Science in Elective:

- Physiology of nervous system: Movement regulation, autonomic nervous system, physiology of cranial nerve, physiology of pain

- Physiology of cardiovascular system: Cardiodynamic and hemodynamic, basics electrical events of heart and electrocardiograph (ECG)

- Physiology of respiratory system: Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory system

- Physiology of digestive system: Physiology and pathophysiology of digestive system

- Physiology of kidney: Physiology of urine formation, pathophysiology of kidney

B. LABORATORY:

1. 2nd semester:

a. Control System:

- Physiology of central nervous system

- Proprioceptive sensation

2. 4th semester:

a. Dermatomusculoskeletal System:

- Beneficial stimuli in dermato-musculo-skeletal system

- Effect of continuous stimuli and exhaustion

b. Cardiovascular System:

- Stanius ligature and vagus nerve stimulation

- Blood pressure and pulse pressure changes during working or attitude changes

- Physical fitness

c. Respiratory System:

- Respiratory movements

3. 5th semester:

a. Special Senses System:

- Physiology of ENT organs and eye (special senses system)

C. TUTORIAL:

1. 6th semester:

a. Brain and Mind System:

- Sensoric function of central nervous system: Sensoric mechanism of central nervous system

- Motoric function of central nervous system: Motoric mechanism of central nervous system

- Formation and function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 1 manual book for 1st semester medical student, 3 manual books for 2nd semester medical student, 2 manual books for 3rd semester medical student, 3 manual books for 4th semester medical student, 3 manual books for 5th semester medical student, 2 manual books for 6th semester medical student and 3 manual books for 7th semester medical student from my university during my era. 
**The topic currently discussed in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.