The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.
Topic discussed during my 5th Semester in Medical School:
Topic discussed during my 5th Semester in Medical School:
A. CORE SUBJECTS:
1. Anatomy:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of development in genitourinary organs
- Anatomy of urinary tract, vascularization and innervation of genitourinary system (laboratory topic)
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of development in digestive system
- Anatomical structure of digestive system: Oral cavity, teeth, salivary gland, articulation and mastication muscles, pharynx and esophagus, abdominal wall and peritoneum, stomach, intestine, liver, vellea vesicle, pancreas, spleen, vascularization-innervation-lymphatic flow of digestive organs
- Anatomy of gastrointestinal tract (laboratory topic)
- Anatomy of gastrointestinal tract (laboratory topic)
c. Special Senses System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of ocular system
- Anatomy of eye
- Anatomy of hearing organs: Formation and development of ear (outer, middle and inner part) and it's anomaly
- Anatomy of ear
- Anatomy of tasting organ: Types and area of taste
- Anatomy of smelling organ
2. Histology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Histology of kidney
- Histology of urinary tract
- Histology of genitourinary system
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Histology of digestive system: Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach (cardia, fundus, corpus, pylorus), oral mucous, papillary of tongue, salivary gland, esophagus, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (colon, vermiformic appendix), rectum and anus
- Histology of digestive glands: Salivary gland, pancreas, liver, bile (duct and tract)
- Histological structure of wall layer and organ that associated with digestive tract (laboratory topic)
- Histological structure of wall layer and organ that associated with digestive tract (laboratory topic)
c. Special Senses System:
- Histology of ocular system: Tunica fibrosa (outer layer of eye - episclera, tenon capsule, suprachoroid lamina, cornea), middle layer - vascular layer (limbus, Schlemm's canal, corpus of cilia, ciliary process, iris, lens, vitreous body, retina) and additional eye structure (conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus)
- Photoreceptor system of eye
- Histology of audioreceptor
- Histology of audioreceptor
- Histology of audioreceptor
3. Radiology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Radiology in urinary system
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Radiology in digestive system
c. Special Senses System:
- Radiology in eye and ENT cases
4. Physiology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Body fluid balancing: Component of body fluid, compartment of body fluid, electrolytes, osmosis
- Homeostasis: Water balancing and osmolarity of extracellular fluid, fluid imbalance disorder, sodium electrolyte imbalance, potassium electrolyte imbalance, calcium electrolyte imbalance, pH of body fluid, regulation of hydrogen ion
- Selective excretion of kidney
- Hormones produced from kidney
- Filtration process and glomerular fitration rate (GFR)
- Creatinine clearance, effective renal plasma flow (eRPF), retinol binding protein (RBP)
- Mechanism of diuresis and its management
- Nephron's function and urine production process
- Micturition reflex
- Electrolytes imbalance: Hypernatremia and hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, other type of electrolytes imbalance
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Function of digestive tract: General function of digestive tract, digestion process inside oral cavity, mastication and swallowing process, function of stomach, function of small intestine and digestive tract accessory organ, absorption and excretion in digestive tract and large intestine
c. Special Senses System:
- Basic function of sighting, tear and eye fluid, iris, cornea and lens, retina
- Track of sight, sighting of color, eyeball movement
- Function of outer-middle-inner ear
- Wave sound
- Hearing mechanism
- Pathophysiology of deafness
- Ear as a body coordination and balancing system
- Structure and function of tasting organ
- Mechanism of taste sensation
- Structure and function of smelling organ
- Mechanism of smell sensation
- Relationship of smell sensation and appetite
- Physiology of ENT organs and eye (special senses system)
5. Physics:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Biomechanic pressure in genitourinary system
- Osmosis and kidney
- Measurement of specific gravity
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Biomechanic pressure of abdominal cavity
- Ultrasonography (USG) and endoscopy in digestive tract
c. Special Senses System:
- Physics of eye and sighting
- Source and characteristic of light
- Aspect of ocular nerve
- Electroretinogram (ERG), electro-oculogram (EOG), visual field, eye pressure, ophthalmoscopy
- Ophthalmometer/eye defect
- Physics of hearing: Ear and hearing, sound and hearing, ears and audiometry, sound in medicine, mechanism of nerve involving in hearing process
- Audiometer/ Malde experiment
6. Nephrology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Urinary tract infection: Upper urinary tract infection, lower urinary tract infection
- Glomerulonephritis (GN)
- Kidney failure: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Interstitial nephritis
- History taking in genitourinary system cases
- Physical examination in genitourinary system cases
- Insertion of urinary catheter
7. Microbiology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Microorganism of urinary tract infection: Gram negative rod bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species), Fungi (Candida albicans)
- Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection
- Laboratory investigation and diagnostic laboratory test of urinary tract infection
- Microorganism of sexually transmitted infection: Bacteria (Pyogenic cocci-N. gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Haemophillus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis, C. trachomatis-Lymphogranuloma venerum, Calymmato bacterium granulomatis-Granuloma inguinale), virus (Herpesviridae-HSV, Papovaviridae-genital warts, Hepatitis B&C), fungal (candida)
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Bacterial infection in digestive system: Pyogenic cocci (Staphylococcus aureus), Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, E. coli, Enteropathogen, Klebsiella, Citobacter, Enterobacter), Vibrionaceace (V. cholera, V. parahemolyticuc, V. vulnificus), Campylobacter (C. jejuni), Helicobacter (H. pylori), Bacillaceae (B. cereus, Cl. perfringens, Cl. botulinum, Cl. difficile)
- Viral infection in digestive system: Rotavirus, Narwalk virus, Calici virus, Hepatitis A virus
- Fungi infection in digestive system: C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, Actinomyces israelia, Aspergilus species, Trichoderma species, Paecilomyces variotii
- Enterobacteriaceae
c. Special Senses System:
- Viral ocular infection
- Bacterial ocular infection
- Fungal ocular infection
- Virus in ENT infective cases: Rhinovirus, paramyxovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (laryngotracheobronchitis), orthomyxovirus, echovirus, coxsackie virus, corona virus
- Bacteria in ENT infective cases: pseudomonas, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, anaerobe infection (Fusobacterium, Klebsiella ozaenae, Moraxella catarrhalis)
- Fungi in ENT infective cases: Candida, Rhinosporidiosis
8. Paediatric:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Nephrotic syndrome
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children
- Maldigestion, malabsorption, failure to thrive and enteritis
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Peritonitis tuberculosis
- Body fluid imbalance in children
- Constipation in children
- Vomiting in children
- Encephalopathy
- Swallowing disorder in children
- Bloated stomach in children
- Bleeding of digestive tract in children
- Abdominal pain in children
- Failure to thrive: malabsorption of macromolecules in intestine, importance of body immune system
- Gastoenteritis in children: Diarrhea, gastroenteritis with dehydration, anti-diarrhea function in acute diarrhea
- Jaundice in children: Jaundice, hepatitis, biliary atresia
- Lactose intolerance
- Food intolerance
- Food allergy
- Fluid resuscitation in children
9. Urology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Kidney colic
- Urological stone
- Urinary incontinence
- Congenital anomalies of the kidney, ureter and urinary bladder
- Neoplasm of prostate
- Scrotal swelling: Hydrocele, epididymal cyst
- Male sexual dysfunction
- Injuries of the genitourinary system: Injuries to the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, external genitalia
- Urethral stricture disease: Anterior urethral stricture, posterior urethral stricture
- Gross hematuria
- Urinary retention
- Testicular torsion
- Oliguria and anuria obstruction
- Priapism
- Tumor of genitourinary system: Renal parenchymal neoplasm, bladder carcinoma, urethral cancer, genital tumor, prostate carcinoma
- Foreskin emergencies: Phimosis, Paraphimosis, zipper injuries, foreign bodies in genitourinary system, post-circumcision complication
- Circumcision method
10. Pathology (Clinical):
a. Genitourinary System:
- Renal function test to support clinical diagnosis of kidney function disorder
- Laboratory investigation in regulation of water, electrolytes, acid-base equilibrium
- Laboratory diagnostic investigation of sexually transmitted infection
- Urinalysis
- Renal function (laboratory topic)
- Renal function (laboratory topic)
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Laboratory diagnostic investigation of liver and bile function disorder, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatoma, pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, Hepatitis A-B-C
- Transudative and exudative examination
- Stool examination
11. Pathology (Anatomical):
a. Genitourinary System:
- Pathology anatomical structure in genitourinary system disorder: Glomerular disease, tubulointerstitial disease, renal blood vessel disease, kidney cystic disease, kidney hydronephrosis disease
- Pathology of genitourinary system cancer: Tumor of kidney, urinary vesicle, prostate, testis, penis
- Genitourinary system (laboratory topic)
- Genitourinary system (laboratory topic)
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Pathology of oral cavity disease: Pathology of Herpes stomatitis, oral thrush, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Pathology of tumor in oral cavity: Pathology of mucocele, pyogenic granuloma and benign squamous papilloma tumor, fibroma, lipoma, neurofibroma, hamangioma, oral cavity carcinoma
- Pathology of salivary gland disease: Pathology of sialolithiasis, parotiditis and Sjorgen syndrome, benign salivary gland tumor, pleomorphic tumor and arthin tumor, adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Pathology of esophageal disease: anomaly of esophageal anatomy, pathology of inflammation of esophagus, esophagitis reflux, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Pathology of stomach disease: Morphological difference of acute and chronic gastritis, pathology of gastric adeno carcinoma, gastric lymphoma
- Pathology of intestinal anomaly: Pathology of Hirsprung disease and congenital megacolon
- Pathology of intestinal blood vessel disorder: Pathology of Ischaemic bowel disease (IBS) and hemorrhoid
- Pathology of diarrheal related disease: Pathology of enterocolitis, malabsorption syndrome
- Pathology of Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology of Chron disease, ulcerative colitis
- Intestinal polyps: Pathology of non-neoplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps
- Intestinal tumor: Pathology of multiple polyposis syndrome, colorectal cancer, small intestine adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumor, lymphoma
- Pathology of Hepatitis, liver failure, portal hypertension
- Pathology of Hepatic tumor: Pathology of hepatic hemangioma and adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, metastatic tumor
- Pathology of obstructive bile tract: Pathology of Cholelithiasis, biliary colic, acute chocystitis and ascending cholangitis
- Gallbladder cancers: Pathology of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary ducts
- Arrangement of digestive organ, liver and bile tract
c. Special Senses System:
- Congenital eye disorder: Ocular albinism, pigmentous retinitis, x-linked coloboma
- Systemic disease related eye disease: Exopthalmus in hyperthyroid disease, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy
- Pathogenesis of infective eye disease: Pathogenesis of conjunctivitis, pathogenesis and histopathology of herpes simplex related corneal disease
- Pathology of eye neoplasm: Pathology of malignant melanoma, retinoblastoma, intraocular and orbital metastatic tumor
12. Pharmacology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Pharmacology of Diuretic and anti-diuretic agent
- Medication that alter pH of urine
- Pharmacological aspect of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) medication
- Medication that alter pH of urine (laboratory topic)
- Medication that alter pH of urine (laboratory topic)
- Posology of drug used in genitourinary system cases
- Drugs interaction of polypharmacy drug prescription in genitourinary system
- Pharmacology of medication used in genitourinary system cases
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Pharmacology of anti-emetic medication, prokinetic of the bowel movement, anti-spasmodic, anti-diarrhea medication
- Pharmacology of cholekinetic and choleretic
- Pharmacology of bile acid therapy for gallstone
- Pharmacology of peptic ulcer
- Medication used in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Substance of medication that influencing digestion
- Drugs used to treat variceal hemorrhage
- Pharmacology of laxative (bulk forming laxative, osmotic laxative, stimulant laxative), stool surfactant (softener)
- Prescription in digestive system cases
- Drugs interaction of polypharmacy prescription in digestive system
- Route of entry for medication used in digestive system
- Posology and route of entry for medication used in digestive system
c. Special Senses System:
- Medications that influencing visual acuity
- Agonis and supra agonis effect of medication used in ocular system
- Medication that influencing hearing
- Pharmacology of nasal decongestant
- Medication that influencing smell
- Medication that influencing taste
- Drugs interaction of polypharmacy drug prescription in eye and ENT cases
13. Dermatology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Sexually transmitted infection (STI)
- History taking of sexually transmitted infection cases
- Physical examination of male genitalia and collecting the specimen
14. Parasitology:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Parasitic infection in genitourinary system: Trichomoniasis vaginalis, Schistosomiasis haemotobium)
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Parasitic infection in digestive system: Intestinal Nematodes (Enterobiasis-E. vermicularis), intestinal Cestodes (Taeniasis-T. saginata, T. solium, t. asiatica, Hymenolepiasis nana), intestinal protozoan (amoebiasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis)
- Forms of intestinal parasites in human
c. Special Senses System:
- Ocular Helminthiasis: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Loa-loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Thelazia species)
- Ocular protozoiosis: Achantamoeba species, Toxoplasma gondii
15. Nutrition:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Nutrition in kidney disorder: Medical nutrition therapy in kidney disease, end stage renal failure (ESRF), and renal stone
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Nutrition in digestive system cases: Nutrition for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), liver cirrhosis, irritable bowel syndrome
c. Special Senses System:
- Nutritional eye disorder: Vitamin A deficiency
16. Forensic:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Sexual crime involving genitourinary system: Rape and molested cases
- Autopsy of kidney: Asphyxia, trauma, disease
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Autopsy of stomach: Drowning, trauma, disease, intoxication, estimation length of death
- Autopsy of liver: Asphyxia, trauma, disease
- Autopsy of lymph: Asphyxia, trauma, disease
17. Biochemistry:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Detection of blood in urine (laboratory topic)
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Biochemistry in digestive system
- Bilirubin
c. Special Senses System:
- Neurotransmitter of eye
18. Gastroenterology (Medical):
a. Gastrointestinal System:
- Oral cavity diseases: Herpes stomatitis, oral thrush, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Esophageal disease: Odinophagia, dysphagia, esophageal motility disorder, esophageal tumor, esophageal stricture
- Gastritis
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Gastric tumor
- Duodenal ulcer
- Large intestinal functional disorder: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Large intestine organic disorder
- Hematochezia
- Colon tumor
- Icterus
- Hepatitis
- Liver failure
- Portal hypertension
- Hepatic tumor
- Pancreatitis
- Pancreatic tumor
- Cholecystitis
- Cholelithiasis
- History taking in digestive system cases
- Physical examination in digestive system cases
- Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion procedure
- Intramuscular injection procedure
- Intravenous catheter insertion procedure
- Digital rectal examination
19. Gastroenterology (Surgical):
a. Gastrointestinal System:
- Esophageal atresia
- Corrosive lesion of esophagus
- Reflux esophagitis
- Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adult
- Disorder of diaphragm
- Abdominal wall disorder
- Hernia: Types (Femoral, epigastric, incisional, umbilical, inguinal, scrotal), direct and indirect hernia
- Intestinal atresia
- Meckel's diverticulum
- Umbilical fistula
- Omphalocele gastroscisis
- Malrotation of intestine
- Pyloric stenosis
- Intussussception
- Rectal prolaps
- Hemorrhoids
- Perianal abscess
- Perianal fistula
- Anal fissure
- Rectal tumor
- Anal atresia
- Hirschprung's disease
- Acute abdomen: Peritonitis, Abscess in pouch of Douglas, perforation of internal abdominal organs, masenteric lymphadenitis, acute appendicitis, appendicular abscess, obstructive illeus
- Choledocholithiasis
- Hydrops of gall bladder
20. Ophthalmology:
a. Special Senses System:
- Eyelid disorder: Chalazion, hordeolum, entropion, extropion, blepharitis, eyelid retraction, eyelid laceration
- Infection of outer part of eyeball: Conjuctivitis (allegic, viral, bacterial), foreign body in conjunctiva, pinguecula, pterygium, sub-conjunctival hemorrhage, keratitis and corneal ulcer, scleritis, episcleritis
- Refractive error: Hypermetropia, myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, anisometropia, low vision
- Visual and visual fields disorders: Amblyopia, Diplopia, supression of eye, night-blindness, scotoma, hemianopia-bitemporan-homonimous visual field loss, loss of vision and blindness, strabismus, cataract, glaucoma, hyphaema, hypopion, ocular trauma
- Contact lens and refractive surgery (Lasix, clear lens extraction, Phakic intra-ocular lenses, radical keratotomy, photo-refractive keratectomy, lamellar keratoplasty)
- Retina and vitreous disorder: Optic neuritis, pigmentous retinitis, central retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, ablation of the retina, vitreous hemorrhage
- Uveitis and endophthalmitis
- Ocular tumor
- Nutritional eye disorder: Xeropthalmia
- History taking in eye disease
21. Neurology:
a. Special Senses System:
- Cranial nerve examination
22. ENT:
a. Special Senses System:
- Outer ear infection: Auricle of ear infection (Perichondritis), ear canal infection (otitis externa: circumscribed, diffuse), hemorrhagic otitis externa (bullous myringitis), otomycosis
- Middle ear infection: Acute otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, tympanic membrane perforation
- Inner ear infection: Labyrinthitis, otosclerosis
- Complication of ear in head trauma cases: Types of hearing disturbance, hearing test
- Ear tumor: External ear tumor (benign tumor: exostosis, osteoma, adenoma; malignant tumor: squamous cell carcinoma), middle ear tumor (benign tumor: polyps, granuloma, glomus jugulare; malignant tumor: squamous cell carcinoma)
- Ear related disorder: Mastoiditis, presbycusis, impected ear wax, pre-auricula fistula, foreign body in ear, benign postural vertigo, motion sickness, Menier's disease, facial palsy or paralysis
- Nasal disorder: External part of nose disorder (vestibulitis), nasal cavity (acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyp, nasal septum disorder, epistaxis, acute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, furuncle of nose
- Facial and nasal trauma
- Tumor of nose and paranasal sinuses
- Foreign body inside nose
- Pharyngeal disorder: Pharyngeal infection (Pharyngitis: Acute-chronic-specific, tonsillitis: acute-chronic-membranous, ulseromembranous stomatitis), blood-related disorder (acute leukemia, angina agranulositosis, mononucleosis infection), inner neck and base of mouth abscess, peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy), retropharyngeal abscess, Ludwig's angina), nasopharyngeal tumor, tonsillar tumor
- Laryngeal disorder: Congenital disorder: Laryngomalasia, congenital subglotic stenosis, laryngeal web, congenital cyst of larynx, hemangioma, esophageal laryngothracheal fistula, inflammation of larynx (acute and chronic laryngitis, croup), specific chronic laryngitis (laryngitis tuberculosis, leutic laryngitis), vocal cord nodule, laryngeal keratosis, laryngeal obstruction, foreign body inside airway, laryngeal trauma, laryngeal tumor
- History taking in ENT cases
- Physical examination in ENT cases
- Hearing physical examination
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