Saturday, April 25, 2020

Paediatrics

The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me know the topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic of Paediatrics discussed during my time in Medical School:

A. LECTURE:
1. 2nd semester:
a. Hematological and Immunological System:
- Anemia: Aplastic anemia in children, nutritional deficiency anemia in children, haemolytic anemia in children, anemia of chronic disease in children
- Clinical diagnostic for Thalassemia
- Clinical diagnostic for Haemoglobinopathy
- Bleeding disorders in children: ITP, Neonatal thrombocytopenia, and DIC
- Coagulation disorders in children: Hemophilia, and thrombosis
- MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndrome) in children
- Leukemia in children
- Lymphoma in children
- Blood transfusion in children
- Autoimmune disease in children: Types of autoimmune diseases (SLE, JRA)
- Primary immunodeficiency in children
- Secondary immunodeficiency in children: MTCT (Mother to Child Transmission), AIDS
- Immunization: Concept and basic principle of Vaccinology

2. 3rd semester:
a. Reproductive System:
- Normal delivery: Neonatal care
b. Growth and Development:
- Growth and development: Basic concept of growth and development, structural-organ function-psychomotor development in neonatal and perinatal period
- Disorders in neonate and infant: Infection and seizure in neonate, high risk neonate, trauma during delivery process, endocrine disorder, respiratory problem in neonates, hyperbilirubinemia in neonate, hypothermia in neonate
- Structural-organ function-psychomotor-cognitive-emotional development in infant and toddler 
- Biological and physical requirement that effecting growth and development of infant and toddler: Breast milk and lactation: Management of lactation, feeding for infant and toddler
- Disorders during growth and development of children: Down's syndrome, disorders of thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, growth disorder, failure to thrive, disorder in motoric dan language development
- Structural-organ function-psychomotor-cognitive-emotional development in school-age children
- Growth and development monitoring: Nutritional status evaluation, early detection of growth and development disorder, management of nutritional status disorder
- Growth and development in adolescent: timing of puberty, structural-organ function-psychomotor-cognitive-emotional development in adolescent
- Affecting factors that contribute growth and developmental delay in adolescent: Puberty disorder, child abuse and neglected child
- Promotive-preventive-rehabilitation in children health: Demography, prevention of communicable disease, psychosocial in family and community level, optimization of basic needs of children, rehabilitation

3. 4th semester:
a. Cardiovascular System:
- Embryology of congenital heart disease
- Anatomy of cardiovascular in congenital heart disease
- Basic of congenital heart disease
- Acyanotic congenital heart disease: Atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of the aorta
- Cyanotic congenital heart disease: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
b. Respiratory System:
- Pneumonia in children
- Primary tuberculosis
- Tuberculin test
- Tuberculosis scoring system in children
- Tuberculosis in specific condition: Miliary tuberculosis, pleural tuberculosis, perinatal tuberculosis, tuberculosis with HIV in children, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in children
- Bronchiolitis
- Allergic cough and asthma in children
- Congenital lungs and diaphragm disease in children

4. 5th semester:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Nephrotic syndrome
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children
- Maldigestion, malabsorption, failure to thrive and enteritis
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Peritonitis tuberculosis
- Body fluid imbalance in children
- Constipation in children
- Vomiting in children
- Encephalopathy
- Swallowing disorder in children
- Bloated stomach in children
- Bleeding of digestive tract in children
- Abdominal pain in children
- Failure to thrive: malabsorption of macromolecules in intestine, importance of body immune system
- Gastoenteritis in children: Diarrhea, gastroenteritis with dehydration, anti-diarrhea function in acute diarrhea
- Jaundice in children: Jaundice, hepatitis, biliary atresia
- Lactose intolerance
- Food intolerance
- Food allergy

5. 6th semester:
a. Brain and Mind System:
- Common epilepsy in children: Infantile spasms, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Febrile fit
b. Emergency Medicine:
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): CPR in children and neonatal age group (basic life support, advanced life support)
- Shock in newborn baby and children: Initial assessment (recognition of shock and clinical differentiation of etiological of shock), initial management evaluation
- Trauma in pediatrics: Special considerations in assessment and management of injured child (size and shape, skeleton, surface area, psychological status, long-term effects, equipment), primary management (airway-breathing-circulation and shock, chest trauma cases, abdominal trauma cases, head trauma cases, musculoskeletal trauma cases, battered and abused child)
- Cardiovascular emergency in children: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation, arterial flutter, cosgestive heart failure, heart temponade
- Respiratory emergency in children: Life threatening asthma, tension pneumothorax
- Neurological emergency in children: Acute convulsion, status convulsion
- Metabolic emergency in children: Hypoglycemia, electrolytes disturbances and acid-base imbalance, uremic encephalopathy, hypertension crisis

6. 7th semester:
a. Tropical Medicine:
- Bacterial infection: Typhoid, tetanus, pertussis, diphtheria, bacterial sepsis
- Viral infection: Dengue, rabies, HIV and AIDS
- Prevention of dengue fever
- Fever with rash: Measles, roseola infantum, varicella, variola, mumps
- Parasitic infection: Malaria
- TORCH infection: Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes
- Zoonotic infection: Influenza A (H1N1 - swine flu), anthrax
b. Family Medicine:
- Integrated management of sick toddler: General warning sign, cough and difficulty of breathing, diarrhoea, fever, ear problem, nutritional status and anaemia, administration technique of medication in toddler, counselling, follow-up service
- Integrated management of sick infant: Seizure, respiratory problem, hypothermia, bacterial infection, icteric, diarrhoea, digestive disorder, low born body weight, management and medication, counselling
c. Elective (Viral-Oncogene):
- Cancer and epidemiology
- Viruses and cancer
- Burkitt lymphoma and leukemia: Relationship between Human T-lymphotropic virus -1 (HTLV-1) infection and leukemia, Relationship between Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma-Burkitt's lymphoma


B. SKILLS LABORATORY (OSCE):
1. 3rd semester:
a. Growth and Development:
- History taking in growth and development status
- Early detection technique in growth and development disorder (by using KPSP form)
- Early detection of autism and behavioral disorder in children
- Anthropometry examination in children
- Immunization procedure (BCG, Hepatitis/DPT)

2. 5th semester:
a. Gastrointestinal System:
- Fluid resuscitation in children

3. 5. 6th semester:
a. Emergency Medicine:
- Normal newborn care (with APGAR scoring) 
- Management of neonates and asphyxia cases in children 
- Cardio-pulmonal resuscitation (CPR) in children 
- Fluid resuscitation in children 
- Hamlich maneuver in infant, children and adult

4. 7th semester:
a. Tropical Medicine:
- Fitting management of tetanus in children
- History taking of febrile disease in children




The purpose I share my medical syllabus during my era is to help me what topic should I revise during my free time to improve my medical knowledge and to give an idea for future medical students about the topic they would learn in medical school.

Topic of Anatomy discussed during my time in Medical School:

A. LECTURE:
1. 2nd semester:
a. Control System:
- Anatomical structure of central nervous system: Medulla spinal, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon, blood vessel of central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid system
- Anatomical structure of peripheral nervous system: Spinal nerve, vegetative nervous system
- Anatomical structure of endocrine organs: Hypophysis, pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland, pancreas, adrenal gland

2. 3rd semester:
a. Reproductive System:
- Anatomy of female reproductive organ: Embryology of female reproductive organ, anatomy of pelvic, muscles of pelvic diaphragm, pelvic gaps, external female reproductive system, internal female reproductive organs, vascularization and innervation of reproductive organ, breast
- Anatomy of male reproductive organ: Embryology of male reproductive organ, gonad (testes), tract (extratesticular, intratesticular), glands (epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, Cowper)
b. Growth and Development:
- Development of bone and nervous system in children

3. 4th semester:
a. Dermatomusculoskeletal System:
- Anatomy of extremities: General anatomy (osteology, arthrology, myology), superior extremities, inferior extremities
b. Cardiovascular System:
- Anatomy of cardiovascular system
c. Respiratory System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of tracheo-bronchi and ifs branches
- Anatomy of respiratory tract: Development of lungs, trachea, bronchus, pleura, pulmonal hilar
- Anatomy of lungs: lungs, anatomical structure of chest wall, anatomical structure of lungs

4. 5th semester:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of development in genitourinary organs
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of development in digestive system
- Anatomical structure of digestive system: Oral cavity, teeth, salivary gland, articulation and mastication muscles, pharynx and esophagus, abdominal wall and peritoneum, stomach, intestine, liver, vellea vesicle, pancreas, spleen, vascularization-innervation-lymphatic flow of digestive organs
c. Special Senses System:
- Embryology (organogenesis) of ocular system
- Anatomy of hearing organs: Formation and development of ear (outer, middle and inner part) and it's anomaly
- Anatomy of tasting organ: Types and area of taste
- Anatomy of smelling organ

5. 6th semester:
a. Brain and Mind System:
- Reticular formation: Basics structure of reticular formation
- Limbic system: Basics structure of limbic system

6. 7th semester:
a. Basic Biomedical Science in Elective:
- Introduction of anatomy
- Skull
- Head and neck
- Extremities
- Thorax
- Abdomen and Pelvis
- Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system


B. LABORATORY:
1. 2nd semester:
a. Control System:
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system

2. 3rd semester:
a. Reproductive System:
- Anatomy of male and female reproductive organ

3. 4th semester:
a. Dermatomusculoskeletal System:
- Osteology and superior extremity
- Inferior extremity
b. Cardiovascular System:
- Anatomy of chest wall, mediastinal space, vascularisation and innervation of thorax
- Anatomy of heart and blood vessel system
c. Respiratory System:
- Anatomical structure of chest wall
- Anatomical structure of lungs

4. 5th semester:
a. Genitourinary System:
- Anatomy of urinary tract, vascularization and innervation of genitourinary system
b. Gastrointestinal System:
- Anatomy of gastrointestinal tract
c. Special Senses System:
- Anatomy of eye
- Anatomy of ear

5. 6th semester:
a. Brain and Mind System:
- Basics of reticular formation structure and limbic system

6. 7th semester:
a. Basic Biomedical Science in Elective:
- Skull
- Head and neck
- Extremities
- Thorax
- Abdomen and Pelvis
- Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system



*This medical syllabus copied and edited from 1 manual book for 2nd semester medical student, 2 manual books for 3rd semester medical student, 2 manual books for 4th semester medical student, 2 manual books for 5th semester medical student, 2 manual books for 6th semester medical student and 3 manual books for 7th semester medical student from my university during my era. 
**The topic currently discussed in my university may different from this syllabus due to progression of medical knowledge and improvement of quality for medical syllabus based on my university assessment.

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